>  Interestingly, I booted from a Backtrack 2 live CD and started X, and it
>  works no problem. I check the xorg.conf and it lists a HorizSync 31.5 - 150
>  and a VertRefresh 75 - 85. So, I then tried those values on Debian, but it
>  still doesn't work.
This raises the questions
1) What version of X are you using(on debain, on backtrack)?
2) What video driver are you using(on debian, on backtrack)?
In your xorg.conf (above) it's listed as the 'nv' driver.  It could be
that nv driver doesn't quite do it.

leif