On Fri, Nov 24, 2017 at 12:07:10PM -0600, gregrwm wrote: > what is the meaning of "lower case L" in a file permission? See "lower > case L" in "Convert ls -l output to chmod format" > <http://google.com/search?q="lower+case+L"+"Convert+ls+-l+output+format+to+chmod+format"> > . It has no meaning in a file permission. If you actually read the code: # If it's not "r", "w", "x", or "-", it indicates that # one of the high-order (S/s=4000, S/s/L/l=2000, or T/t=1000) bits So l is setting a mode bit of 2000, i.e. set group ID. Andrew